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Gridley-class destroyer
The ''Gridley''-class destroyers were a class of four 1500-ton destroyers in the United States Navy. They were part of a series of USN destroyers limited to 1,500 tons standard displacement by the London Naval Treaty and built in the 1930s.〔(Comparison of 1500-ton classes ) at (Destroyer History Foundation )〕 The first two ships were laid down on 3 June 1935 and commissioned in 1937. The second two were laid down in March 1936 and commissioned in 1938. Based on the preceding ''Mahan''-class destroyers with somewhat different machinery, they had the same hull but had only a single stack and mounted sixteen 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes, an increase of four. To compensate for the increased torpedo armament weight, the gun armament was slightly reduced from five 5"/38 caliber guns (127 mm) to four.〔Friedman, pp. 90-91〕 made the highest trial speed ever recorded for a United States Navy destroyer, 42.8 knots.〔(''Gridley''-class destroyers ) at (Destroyer History Foundation )〕 All four ships served extensively in World War II, notably in the Solomon Islands and the Battle of the Philippine Sea, with ''Maury'' receiving a Presidential Unit Citation.〔(USS ''Maury'' Presidential Unit Citation )〕
==Design==
The four ''Gridley''s were part of a series of three classes with similar characteristics laid down 1935-1937. The other two were the ''Bagley'' class (8 ships) and the ''Benham'' class (10 ships). All three featured four 5 inch (127 mm) guns and sixteen 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes in four quadruple mounts as built, the largest number of torpedo tubes on any US destroyers.〔 Although all had only one stack, they differed primarily in their machinery. The ''Gridley''s were designed by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Company with advanced high-pressure boilers (also built by Bethlehem) but turbines generally similar to the earlier ''Farragut'' class, which limited their range. The ''Bagley''s were a Navy design that duplicated the machinery of the preceding long-range ''Mahan'' class. The ''Benham''s were a Gibbs & Cox design with another new boiler design that allowed a reduction from four boilers to three, with an efficient turbine arrangement resembling the ''Mahan''s'.〔〔〔Bauer and Roberts, pp. 186-187〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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